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Appendix A
Glossary
- 8KREF 8K Hz reference signal on the MC1 bus. Referred to as MC1_8K in MC1 manual.
- ADI Service Service providing all AG device-level functionality for CT Access. The ADI service is supported by Natural MicroSystems' AG boards. Functions are provided for establishing and maintaining network connections, determining call status, playing and recording voice messages, and generating and detecting DTMF and other tones.
- AG Natural MicroSystems' Alliance Generation product line of telephony and voice processing hardware and software, including highly integrated hardware modules.
- analog Information represented by a continuous and smoothly varying signal amplitude or frequency. Opposite of digital.
- API Application Programming Interface; a library of function calls that allow an application developer to access functionality in a uniform and consistent way.
- ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange; a standard used for numeric representation of alphanumeric characters.
- asynchronous Refers to circuitry and operations without a common timing or clock signal.
- asynchronous programming
Enables concurrent processing between hardware boards and the host CPU. The application initiates telephony functions on the AG board and continues its own processing instead of waiting for the event from the AG board to arrive. AG Access and CT Access support this model.
- autofallback MC1 feature which allows clock slaves to switch from referencing the clocks driven by the primary master to the clocks driven by the secondary master.
- bit An acronym for binary digit; the smallest piece of information; a specification of one of two possible alternatives: zero or one.
- blocking An API call is blocking if it waits for an internal completion event before proceeding.
- bus In the CT Access Switching service (MVIP-95), specifies the interface point of the switch block. Devices can reside directly on the MVIP bus. Devices can also reside on a board's local bus and may require a switch block to access the MVIP bus.
- channel An electronic communications path. In digital telephony, a channel usually refers to a separate connection carried on a digital trunk.
- clock A timing reference signal, e.g., on an MVIP bus.
- clock master The board that sources the clocks in an MVIP system.
- connection (MVIP) Connects an input terminus to an output terminus. The input and output terminuses can have the same or different buses and streams.
- digital Information in a discrete or quantized form. Opposite of analog.
- Digital Signal Processor
See DSP.
- DLL Dynamic Link Library; a library of software object modules that can be loaded and accessed on demand.
- DONE event An event which signifies the completion of an asynchronous function.
- DSi0-7, DSo0-7 Nomenclature for the individual unidirectional bit streams on the MVIP bus. By convention, they are paired up (DSiX, DSoX) to form the eight full duplex MVIP streams. DSi0-7 are designated for input to resource boards and DSo0-7 are designated for output from resource boards.
- DSP Digital Signal Processor; a microprocessor that is designed to perform the calculations required for voice processing.
- enhanced switching compliant
See MVIP Enhanced Switching Compliant.
- events Data structures that contain notification of certain conditions or state changes sent from the hardware or service to the application program. All events are represented as a C data structure. The structure informs the application what event occurred and provides additional information specific to the event. An indication that playing a message is done is a typical event. See also DONE event.
- FMIC Flexible MVIP Integrated Circuit. Single chip which implements MVIP-90 switching.
- full duplex Simultaneous two-way voice and two-way signal data transmission. See also half-duplex and simplex.
- H-MVIP The hardware standard for MVIP-95.
- half-duplex A circuit that can carry information in both directions, but only in one direction at a time. See also full duplex and simplex.
- host The PC CPU where the host application runs.
- ISA Industry Standard Architecture; the de-facto bus card standard in the IBM-PC compatible world. Also known as the PC/AT bus.
- KB Kilobyte, 1024 bytes.
- Kbps Kilobits per second, 1000 bits per second.
- KBps Kilobytes per second, 1000 bytes per second.
- left clocks MC1 clock signals driven by the primary or secondary master.
- line A logical telephone connection on which a call can take place.
- Mbps Megabits per second, 1,000,000 bits per second.
- MC1_8K 8K Hz reference signal on the MC1 bus. Referred to as 8KREF in MC1 standards and CT Access manuals.
- mc1mon MC1 board configuration utility.
- MIPS Millions of Instructions Per Second; measure of computer speed according to the average number of machine language instructions performed by the CPU in one second.
- msec Millisecond (1/1000 of a second).
- MVIP Multi-Vendor Integration Protocol; PCM digital bus standard for integrating various board vendors. Facilitates software-controlled digital switching within the PC chassis. MVIP interconnects switching and telephony processing boards on a PC.
- MVIP bus A high-speed, multiplexed digital telephony "highway" which allows boards to share data, signaling information, and switching information.
- MVIP connection See connection (MVIP).
- MVIP Enhanced Switching Compliant Device
A network device with a switch implementing all possible connections of the MVIP switch model.
- MVIP Standard Switching Compliant Device
A network device with a switch that does not implement the full MVIP switch model but does support port-to-MVIP connections for all MVIP timeslots, both forward and reverse.
- MVIP Switching Compatible Device
A network device with an MVIP switch that does not fully meet the MVIP standard or MVIP enhanced compliance standards.
- MVIP Switch Model An abstract representation of the most general switching capabilities that can be located on one network interface device. However, a particular network interface device need not implement all of the switching capabilities of the switch model.
- network In telephony, short for the telephone switching network.
- NMS Natural MicroSystems Corporation.
- OS/2 A multi-tasking operating system developed by IBM and Microsoft for use with Intel's x86 microprocessors.
- pattern An 8 bit sample that is sent out of an output terminus or into an input terminus of a switch block.
- port An external connection between the MVIP Bus and anything else, including telephone trunks, human operators, voice processors, FAX processors, etc.
- primary master MC1 board which synchronizes to the MC1_8K (8KREF) clock signal and drives the left or right MC1 clocks.
- primary MVIP MC1 clock mode where the MC1 board references the MVIP bus to drive the left or right clock signals.
- PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network; a public telephone network.
- right clocks MC1 clock signals driven by the primary or secondary master.
- SEC8K Secondary reference clock. Used as the source to drive MC1_8K (8KREF) clock in an MC1 system. Used as a backup reference clock in MVIP systems.
- secondary master Backup to the primary clock master. Drives the clocks the primary master is not driving (left or right).
- service managers Dynamic link libraries (DLL) in Windows NT and OS/2 and shared libraries in UNIX which are linked to the application. Service managers implement services, execute within the CT Access environment, and adhere to standard CT Access interfaces.
- services In CT Access, a group of logically related telephony functions. A service may be implemented on multiple hardware boards. No matter what hardware is providing the functionality, all services with the same functionality have a standard API. This allows device-independent programming.
- signaling The transmission of information about a line's on-hook or
off-hook status and various related signals including those that deliver address information.
- simplex A circuit which carries information in only one direction.
- slave MC1 clock slave. Monitor the clock lines driven by the primary master.
- standard switching compliant
See MVIP Standard Switching Compliant Device.
- stream A grouping of timeslots that usually corresponds to a particular bit-stream of time-domain multiplexed (TDM) serial data on an individual track or wire of a bus.
- SW Utility A utility program for configuring and controlling MVIP boards.
- switch In telephony, a device that can connect one of several inputs to one of several outputs. Switches can range in size from an integrated circuit to an entire build-ing.
- switch block The switch on boards that interface the telephone network to the MVIP bus. This switch is normally referred to as the switch block because it may consist of one or more physical switches. It may be either MVIP-compatible or MVIP-compliant.
- switch handle Identifies an open MVIP switching device and allows access to the MVIP switch block.
- switch model Convention of naming streams and timeslots connected to a switch block.
- switching Changing the connections on different boards within a PC platform both during and between phone calls.
- switching card A circuit card containing an MVIP switch block. Since MVIP switching is distributed, systems may contain several switching cards. A desired connection may involve more than one switch block on different switching cards.
- switching compatible See MVIP Switching Compatible.
- Switching service A CT Access service that provides a set of functions for controlling Multi-Vendor Integration Protocol (MVIP) switch blocks on MVIP compliant switching devices. This service is based on the MVIP-95 device driver standard. It may be used to access MVIP-95 and MVIP-90 device drivers.
- SwitchPath A switching library provided by Natural MicroSystems for MVIP-90 compliant device drivers.
- synchronous function A function that does not return until its operation is complete.
- TDM Time Division Multiplexing; a technique for transmitting a number of separate data, voice, and/or video signals simultaneously over one communications medium by quickly interleaving a piece of each signal one after another.
- terminus In the CT Access Switching service, a single access point to a switch block input or switch block output. A terminus contains a bus, a stream, and a timeslot.
- time division multiplexing
See TDM.
- timeslot Specifies a particular 64kbit/second sub-division of a TDM bus stream. Timeslots number from zero (0) to n where n is stream dependent.
- tri-stated The condition of a logic circuit whose output is in the high impedance state. Most electronic logic circuits try to force their output voltage to be either high or low. Some circuits have a third option which is to present a high output impedance, effectively disconnecting them electrically from the output line. This allows multiple outputs to be safely connected to one line, forming a bus.
- trunk A transmission channel connecting two switching machines.
- watchdog timer Timer on the MC1 board used to determine if the system software is operating.
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