(Page 1 of 1 in this chapter)


Chapter 13

European Digital CAS Protocol


13.1 Introduction
13.2 Signaling Overview
13.2.1 Register Signaling
13.3 Parameters
13.3.1 Editable Parameters
13.3.2 Non-editable Parameters
13.4 Special TCP Behavior
13.4.1 Inbound Calls: Retrieving Digits All at Once
13.4.2 Inbound Calls: Retrieving Digits One at a Time
13.4.3 Outbound Calls: Digit Format

13.1 Introduction

This chapter provides the following information:

· Overview of the signaling performed by the protocols covered in the European Digital CAS (EUC) TCP

· EUC TCP parameters

· Operations that are specific to the EUC TCP within the framework of Natural Call Control

The EUC TCP implements the national CAS specifications of two European countries, Italy and The Netherlands, both of which define protocols that use two bits line signaling and DTMF digit spill register signaling. The two protocols are similar enough to be implemented by the same trunk control program.

13.2 Signaling Overview

Although E1 Channel Associated Signaling (CAS) framing supports 4 signaling bits per direction, only 2 of them are used for the protocols implemented by the EUC TCP. Thus the signaling channels supporting the line signaling of these protocols are referred to as Af and Bf in the forward direction, and Ab and Bb, in the backward direction. The forward channel indicates the condition of the outbound switch equipment and reflects the condition of the calling party's line. The backward channel indicates the condition of the called party's line (the inbound equipment). The C and D bits never changes and their value is 0 and 1 respectively.

The line signaling for a typical call is illustrated by the following (country-specific) tables.

Italy (Norma CEI 103-1/7)

State

Outbound AfBf

Direction

Inbound AbBb

Idle

01

\xdf

01

Seizure

10

01

Seizure Acknowledge

10

\xdf

11

Here the outbound side starts to send the address information. This can be done by means of DTMF tones, or by decadic pulses. If the method is decadic pulses, the Af bit is switched off (pulse on) and on (pulse off) repeatedly to signal the digits.

Register signaling: digit spill

DTMF

11

Register signaling: pulse dial

00 pulse on

11

10 pulse off

11

All the address information has been transferred, now the inbound side must accept or reject the call. It does so by sending a wink: a temporary change in the bit pattern. The bit pattern is AB=10 if the inbound accepts the call, AB=01 if it rejects the call.

End of selection - free

10

\xdf

11-10-11

(150 ms)

End of selection - busy

10

\xdf

11-01-11

(150 ms)

If the call has been accepted, the inbound side plays a ring tone on the line, after resuming to signal AB = 11 (seizure acknowledged). If the call has been rejected instead, the outbound side is supposed to switch back to signaling AB = 01 (idle) thus clearing the line.

Ringing

00

\xdf

11

Answer - conversation state

00

\xdf

00

The outbound protocol can receive billing pulses, to signal that a unit of cost has been billed to the call. In this case the answer pattern (AB = 00) from inbound temporarily changes to AB = 10. Billing pulses are generated by the network, not by the inbound terminal.

Answer - conversation state

00

00 \xdf

00

Billing pulses

00

10 \xdf

00

Answer - conversation state

00

00 \xdf

00

Depending on which of the sides hangs up the call first, we have a clear back signal, or a clear forward signal. A period of release guard from inbound follows both signals, with the meaning of acknowledgment of the clear operation. Idle follows.

Inbound hangs up first: Clear back

00

\xdf

11

Clear forward (and release guard)

01

11

Idle

01

\xdf

01

Outbound hangs up first: Clear forward

01

00

Release guard

01

\xdf

11

Idle

01

\xdf

01

The Netherlands (ALS70D)

ALS70D, the Dutch National CAS Protocol, is asymmetrical. This means that the terminal equipment sends and receives different signals to perform call setup with respect to the near-end switch. Thus, two signaling diagrams are necessary to specify the protocol, one for the TCP placing calls (outbound), and one for the TCP receiving calls (inbound).

The first table represents the signaling carried out by the outbound TCP.
State

Outbound AfBf (TCP)

Direction

Inbound AbBb (Network)

Idle

10

\xdf

10

Seizure

00

10

The normal behavior after the outbound TCP signals seizure is the detection of a seizure acknowledged. However, call collision can occur, and the TCP can receive a seizure from the network as well. If the seizure from the network comes within a time of 200 ms from the original seizure, then the outbound TCP must send seizure acknowledged and receive a call. It will then behave as shown by the following table, describing the inbound TCP behavior.

Seizure Acknowledge

00

\xdf

11

Here the inbound network side starts playing a dial tone on the voice channel, to mean that in-band (DTMF detectors) resources are available to receive the address information.

Once it has detected the dial tone, the outbound side starts to send the address information. This can be done by mean of DTMF tones, or by pulse dial. If the method is pulse dial, the Bf bit is switched on (pulse on) and off (pulse off) repeatedly to signal each digit.

Register signaling: digit spill

DTMF

11

Register signaling: pulse dial

01 pulse on

11

00 pulse off

11

If the call is accepted, the inbound side plays a ring tone on the line and then flips the Ab bit to signal 01. Otherwise, it flips the Bb bit to signal 10 (idle).

Ringing

00

\xdf

11

Answer - conversation state

00

\xdf

01

The outbound protocol can receive billing pulses, to signal that a unit of cost has been billed to the call. In this case the answer pattern (AB = 01) from inbound temporarily changes to AB = 00.

Answer - conversation state

00

\xdf

01

Billing pulses

00

\xdf

00

Answer - conversation state

00

\xdf

01

Depending on which of the sides hangs up the call first, we have a clear forward signal, or a clear back signal, followed by a clear forward. Idle follows.

Clear back

00

\xdf

11

Clear forward

10

01 (or 11)

Idle

10

\xdf

10

The table for the inbound TCP instead is the following.
State

Outbound AfBf (Network)

Direction

Inbound AbBb (TCP)

Idle

10

\xdf

10

Seizure

00

10

Seizure Acknowledged

00

\xdf

11

The seizure acknowledged line state for the inbound TCP lasts for a certain time period. This time period is set to 100 ms in the TCP. After that, a ready to receive bit transition is sent, to signal the network that the TCP is ready to receive the address information. This signal means that the resource dedicated to detect DTMF tones has been allocated.

Ready to receive

00

\xdf

01

Once it has detected the ready to receive signal, the outbound side starts to send the address information. This can be done by mean of DTMF tones, or by pulse dial. If the method is pulse dial, the Bf bit is switched on (pulse on) and off (pulse off) repeatedly to signal each digit.

Register signaling: digit spill

DTMF

01

Register signaling: pulse dial

01 pulse on

01

00 pulse off

01

When all the digits have been received, the inbound side flips the Ab bit to signal that it has enough information. This state is maintained for at least 300 ms.

Number received

00

\xdf

11

If the call is accepted, the inbound side play ring tones on the line and then flips the Ab bit to signal AB = 01. Otherwise, it plays busy and flips the Bb bit to signal AB = 10 (idle).

Ringing

00

\xdf

11

Answer - conversation state

00

\xdf

01

Depending on which of the sides hangs up the call first, we have a clear forward signal, or a clear back signal, followed by a clear forward. Idle follows.

Clear back

00

\xdf

11

Clear forward

10

01 (or 11)

Idle

10

\xdf

10

13.2.1 Register Signaling

In general the protocols supported by the EUC TCPs use either in-band DTMF tones or out-of-band decadic pulses to transfer register signaling information.

These protocols only transfer DID (direct inward dialing - the called address) information. To do this the outbound side sends either a stream of DTMF tones or a sequence of decadic pulses to the inbound side, then considers the dialing done and waits for some confirmation from the inbound side. This register signaling technique, in which the outbound side has no acknowledgment from the inbound side until the dialing is finished, is called "digit spill".

13.3 Parameters

The EUC TCP is programmed by the parameters described below to implement the specifications of the supported countries and network operators.

Caution:

Most of the parameters that follow are signaling-specific: changing their value would not only invalidate any approval certificate for the used board, but would also most likely cause the board to malfunction. These parameters are described here for reference purposes only.

Other parameters program the interaction the TCP has with the host, or act on features not regulated or that can change from switch to switch within the same network. These are changeable, and indeed, the application developer is often asked to do so. These parameters are in the first table below.

13.3.1 Editable Parameters

Users can modify the following ADI.EUC parameters:

Field Name

Type/Unit

Default

Desription

digitnumber

number

7

Inbound: specifies number of incoming digits to expect

optionflags

number

0x9

bit 0 and 1 (& 0x3): these two bits specify what to play as cleardown tone. This is the tone the TCP plays when an inbound call is released and the calling party hasn't hung up yet. The bits specify:

· &0x1: play busy

· &0x2: play reorder

If none of the bits is set, the TCP remains silent.

· bit 2 (& 0x4): if specified, the trunk is inbound only (outbound calls are not allowed)

· bit 3 (&0x8): if specified, the trunk is outbound only (a seizure from the switch is treated as a fault)

· bit 4 (&0x10): if specified, the TCP signals the network that the call is accepted when rejecting with user audio. With some protocols this is the only way to make a spoken reject message go through.

· bit 5 (&0x20) specifying this bit forces the TCP to perform call progress, when all digits have been delivered to the network in an outbound call, even for protocols that give a positive indication of the state of the call. The default value is 0. This will not start call progress detection if the user sets the connect mask to connect on SIGNAL. This saves DSP resources

debugmask

mask

0x0

Specifies generated trace messages are generated (run agtrace 1000 or higher to see them):

· 0x01: Show all states as they are entered

· 0x02: Show sent and received digits

· 0x04: Show signaling bits

· 0x08: Print a description of timeout- related errors

These values can be ORed for cumulative effect.

13.3.2 Non-editable Parameters

The following ADI.EUC parameters are country or network-specific, and cannot be modified.

Field Name

Type/Unit

Example

Description

seizureacktime

ms

10000

Relevant to outbound protocols. Specifies time to wait for seizure acknowledgment after seizing the line.

seizurewaittime

ms

200

Relevant to outbound protocols. Specifies the time to wait to be seized in a two-way trunk, after the TCP seized the line.

answerwaittime

internal

90

Relevant to outbound protocols. Specifies the maximum time for the protocol to wait after the call accepted indication until the phone is answered (seconds).

acceptwaittime

ms

20000

Relevant to outbound protocols. Specifies the maximum time for the protocol to wait after dialing before being notified that either the call has been accepted and the phone is ringing, or that the call has been rejected.

digitspilltime

ms

40000

Relevant to inbound protocols. Specifies the total time the dialing process is allowed to take.

waitforPCtime

ms

10000

Relevant to inbound protocols. Specifies the time the protocol waits for the host to decide if an inbound call should be accepted or rejected.

bitqualtime

ms

20

Specifies the qualification time for bit changes.

interdigitreceivetime

ms

5000

Relevant to inbound protocols. While receiving decadic pulses, if the number of expected incoming digits is not known, this parameter specifies the time between two trains of pulses to conclude that the incoming dial string is finished.

winktime

ms

150

Relevant to inbound protocols. Specifies the duration of an inbound wink. Depending on the target country, the wink has a different meaning and occurs at different phases of call setup.

toneontime

ms

80

Specifies the time a DTMF tone should be ON while dialing.

toneofftime

ms

80

Specifies the time a DTMF tone should be OFF while dialing.

pulseontime

ms

50

Specifies the time a pulse should be ON while dialing with decadic pulses.

pulseofftime

ms

50

Specifies the time a pulse should be OFF while dialing with decadic pulses.

hightoneamplitude

IDU

352

Specifies the amplitude of the higher frequency of the DTMF tones while dialing.

lowtoneamplitude

IDU

440

Specifies the amplitude of the lower frequency of the DTMF tones while dialing.

interdigitsendtime

ms

700

Relevant to outbound protocols. Specifies the time between two trains of pulses while dialing with decadic pulses.

ringfreq

Hz

425

Relevant to inbound protocols. Specifies the ring tone frequency.

ringontime

ms

1000

Relevant to inbound protocols. Specifies the time the ring tone is on in a ring cycle.

ringofftime

ms

4000

Relevant to inbound protocols. Specifies the time the ring tone is off in a ring cycle.

busyfreq

Hz

425

Relevant to inbound protocols. Specifies the busy tone frequency.

busyontime

ms

500

Relevant to inbound protocols. Specifies the time the busy tone is on in a busy cycle.

busyofftime

ms

500

Relevant to inbound protocols. Specifies the time the busy tone is off in a busy cycle.

fastbusyontime

ms

250

Relevant to inbound protocols. Specifies the time the congestion tone is on.

fastbusyofftime

ms

250

Relevant to inbound protocols. Specifies the time the congestion tone is off.

CPtoneslevel

IDU

350

Relevant to inbound protocols. Specifies the amplitude of call progress tones (ring and busy).

signalingflags

mask

0x1

Two bytes devoted to the protocol's signaling flags. They are:

0 DTMF

1 decadic

AND the value of the parameter with this value to extract them.

· bit 0 (&0x1) DTMF (0) or decadic (1) dialing.

· bit 1 (&0x2) if set, an answer signal before all digits have been dialed is an error, and the TCP clears the call.

NMScountry

internal

25

(Italy)

NMS code for the target country.

Timers related to the AG Quad board resource management

resourcegettimes

internal

0x0a0f

This parameter addresses a special need of protocols running on a AG Quad board with resource management enabled. If this is the case, for certain operations it is necessary to acquire a resource from a resource pool on the board. The parameter defines to timeouts after which the operation is aborted if a resource is not available. This is a very unlikely occurrence though.

· Low byte: time to wait for resource before placing a call (15 s)

· High byte: time to wait for resource when a resource is needed by inbound to release a call (e.g. to play a cleardown tone) (10 s)

Miscellaneous

mintimeconnected

ms

250

inbound: the minimum time the TCP has to remain in the connected state (in order to allow the switch to bill the call)

incomingqualtime

ms

65

inbound: signaling bits qualification time while playing ring tone (Italy only)

releaseguardtime

ms

250

inbound: minimum time the release guard signal must be on

timewaitunblock

ms

200

time the TCP waits after receiving the command to unblock the line, before actually doing it and going to idle

timeinterdigit

ms

400

inbound: minimum time between trains of decadic pulses

maxbillingpulse

time (ms)

200

outbound: maximum duration of billing pulse (for those protocols in which the line code of a billing pulse is the same as clear back)

maxdecadicpulse

time (ms)

100

inbound: maximum duration of decadic pulse (for those protocols in which the line code of a decadic pulse is the same as clear forward)

13.4 Special TCP Behavior

The following sections describe operations that are specific to the EUC TCP within the framework of Natural Call Control

13.4.1 Inbound Calls: Retrieving Digits All at Once

With EUC TCPs, after ADIEVN_INCOMING_CALL is received, the calledaddr field in the ADI_CALL_STATUS structure contains all received digits. The callingaddr, usercategory and tollcategory fields are NULL.

The parameter ADI.EUC.digitnumber determines the number of digits the TCP should expect from the calling party. Default is 7.

13.4.2 Inbound Calls: Retrieving Digits One at a Time

The TCP does not recognize ANI or category digits. Digits are presented in the order in which they arrive. The ADI.EUC.digitnumber parameter determines how many digits to expect.

13.4.3 Outbound Calls: Digit Format

EUC TCPs expect the digit string to be formatted as follows:

d1 dn

ANI and category indicators are not used in EUC TCPs.



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